PUPPET one of the nation's top arts and culture of Indonesia's most prominent among the many works of other cultures. Include the role of puppet art culture, the art of singing, music, speech arts, literary arts, painting, sculpture, and art is also symbolic. Puppet culture, which continues to grow from age to age, also a lighting media, propaganda, education, entertainment, philosophical understanding, as well as entertainment.According to research by historians of culture, culture is a culture of puppets from Indonesia, especially in Java. The existence of centuries-old puppet before entry into the Hindu religion of Java. Although the popular puppet story in today's society is an adaptation of a literary work of India, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. The second story in the puppet master undergone many changes and additions to adapt it to the original philosophy of Indonesia.
Adjustment of the concept of this philosophy is also about the philosophical position of the Javanese to the gods in the puppet. The gods in the puppet is no longer something that is free from wrong, but as God's other creatures, sometimes act wrong, and could be a mistake. The presence of characters in the puppet clown servants (punakawan) deliberately created the culture of Indonesia (Javanese cultural exact) to reinforce the concept of philosophy that the world is not a creature was really good, and that is really bad. Every creature has always bears the elements of good and evil.
In his dissertation entitled Bijdrage tot de Kennis van het Javaansche Tooneel (1897), the Dutch cultural historian Dr. GA.J. Hazeau demonstrate his belief that the puppet is a native Java performance. Understanding of the dissertation of Dr. puppet. Hazeau it is walulang inukir (a carved leather) and seen its shadow on the screen. Thus, the puppet is Puppet is certainly as we know it today.
origin
The reason they are strong enough. Among other things, that the art of the puppet is still very closely related to sociocultural and religious nation state of Indonesia, especially the Javanese. Punakawan, the most important figures in the puppet, which Semar, Gareng, Petruk, Bagong, there are only puppets in Indonesia, and not in other countries. In addition, the puppets names and technical terms, it all comes from the Javanese (Kuna), and no other language.
Meanwhile, a second opinion suspect puppets from India, who brought along with the Hindu religion to Indonesia. They include Pischel, Hidding, Krom, Poensen, Goslings, and Rassers. Much of this second group is the British scholar, the European country that once colonized India.
However, since the 1950's, the books seemed to have agreed that puppet originated from Java, and was not imported from other countries.
Puppet culture in Indonesia is estimated to have been born at least in the reign of King Airlangga, king Kahuripan (976 -1012), ie, when the kingdom in East Java was-prosperous prosperous. Literary works are the subject of puppet story was written by the poet Indonesia, since the X century Among other things, literary manuscript Book of Old Javanese Ramayana Kakawin language written in the reign of Dyah Balitung (989-910), which is a spin-off from the Book of the Ramayana written by Indian poet, Valmiki. Furthermore, the poets of Java is no longer just translate the Ramayana and the Mahabharata into Old Javanese language, but it is composed and recounted by incorporating into it the philosophy of Java. For example, the work of Professor Kanwa Arjunawiwaha Kakawin, which is composed riced on the Book of Mahabharata. Composition different from other, more tangible version of the original story with India, is a master work of Baratayuda Kakawin Panuluh Sedah and master. This masterpiece is done during the reign of King Jayabaya, Kediri king (1130-1160).
Puppet as a performance and spectacle had already started there since the reign of King Airlangga. Some inscriptions are made in those days, among others already mentioned the words "mawayang 'and` aringgit' which means that the puppet show.
The word 'puppet' probably derived from the word `wewayangan ', which means shadow. Conjecture is consistent with the fact the Shadow Puppet performances that use color, a piece of cloth, as a barrier between the puppeteer who plays the puppet, and the audience behind the curtain. The audience only saw the puppet movements through the shadows that fell on the color. At that time the wayang accompanied only by a simple set of gamelan consist of saron, he argued (a type of flute), and kemanak. Another type of gamelan and singer at that time there has been no suspected.
To further consider smb. Head puppet culture, since the early days of the Majapahit Kingdom introduced another wayang stories are not berindukMajapahit, was introduced as one form to another puppet. Flag story is then used to show more Wayang Beber. Also consider smb. Head wayang tradition passed on by some Islamic scholars, among them by the Wali Sanga. They began to play with the story of the puppet king of Majapahit, including Damarwulan story.
Introduction of Islam to Indonesia since the 15th century is also a big influence on the cultural shadow puppets, especially the religious concept of the philosophy of the puppet. At the beginning of the 15th century, the time of the Kingdom of Demak, began to use specially-shaped oil lamp called Blencong on Shadow Puppet performances.
Indeed, so strong as puppet art is rooted in the culture of Indonesia, so there was some confusion between the wayang stories, legends, and history. If the Indians thought that the story of Mahabharata and Ramayana actually happened in his country, a Javanese wayang story even consider actually happened on the island of Java.
And in the Kulonprogo own puppet is still very interested by all circles. Not only by parents, but also teenagers and even young children have also not unusual to see a puppet show. Besides, the puppet is also commonly used in certain events in the area Kulonprogo, both in urban areas or in rural areas Wates in Kulonprogo.
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